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New year's day, ready for the New Year!

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2021/02/05 09:20

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　　In the north, the time of the year is

　　February 4, 2021

　　On Thursday, the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month

　　In the south, the year of Xiaonian is

　　February 5, 2021

　　On Friday, the 24th of the twelfth lunar month

　　The new year is the beginning and foreshadowing of the whole spring festival celebration. There are two main activities: sweeping the new year and offering sacrifices to the kitchen.

　　People in the north take the 23rd of the twelfth month as their new year, which is called "sweeping houses"; people in the south take the 24th of the twelfth month as their new year, which is called "dusting". On this day, every household starts to sweep houses and clean windows at dawn.

　　In fact, the traditional Lunar New Year is December 24. However, during the reign of the Qing government, it was the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month. Over time, the places that were greatly influenced by the Qing government were all changed to December 23.

　　Beijing is the leading place in these areas, mainly in the north. Correspondingly, the South was less affected, and the tradition of the 24th of the twelfth lunar month was maintained. It depends on the customs of different places, and can not be generalized.

　　In ancient times, there was a tradition of "three officials, three people, four boats and five boats" to celebrate the lunar new year. That is to say, the Lunar New Year of the official family is December 23, the Lunar New Year of the common people's family is December 24, and the Lunar New year of the water family is December 25.

　　December 20 and 24 of the lunar calendar are the traditional Chinese cooking day, also known as "Xiaonian".

　　The new year also means that people begin to prepare for new year's goods and a clean new year. It means that there will be a new atmosphere in the new year. It expresses the good wishes of the Chinese working people to say goodbye to the old and welcome the new, and to welcome the good fortune.

　　At that time, the status of sacrificial kitchen day was second only to the Mid Autumn Festival. All officials, businessmen and scholars who were away from home had to go home to have a reunion before sacrificial kitchen day and eat their own candies, in order to pray for the kitchen god and the family in the coming year.

　　Nowadays, there are different concepts and dates of lunar new year in different places. In northern China, it is December 23, and in some southern regions, it is December 24. In Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai areas, "December 24" and "the night before New Year's Eve" are both called Lunar New Year.

　　|The origin of Xiaonian|

　　It is said that the kitchen god was originally a civilian Zhang Sheng. After he got married, he spent all his time drinking and drinking, lost all his family property and went to the streets to beg. One day, he begged to his ex-wife Guo Dingxiang's home. He was ashamed and burned to death under the stove.

　　When the Jade Emperor knew about it, he thought that Zhang Sheng could change his mind, but it was not bad enough. Now that he died at the bottom of the pot, he was appointed the king of kitchen stoves.

　　On the 23rd and 24th of December every year, they report back to the bottom of the kitchen. The common people think that the kitchen king must be respected, because he has to report to heaven.

　　As a result, the people have the "small year" of the 23rd and 24th lunar month to pray for peace and fortune in the coming year.

　　|New Year customs|　　Offering sacrifices to the kitchen god

　　According to folklore, on the 23rd of December every year, the kitchen god would go to heaven to report the good and evil of his family to the Jade Emperor, and let him reward and punish him.

　　According to the report of the kitchen god, the Jade Emperor handed over the good fortune, bad fortune and bad fortune that the family should get in the new year to the kitchen god.

　　Therefore, when delivering the stove, people put candy, water, beans and hay on the table in front of the statue of the king of the stove. Among them, the last three are for the mount of the king of the stove.

　　When offering sacrifices to the kitchen god, he should melt the sugar and put it on the mouth of the kitchen god. In this way, he could not speak ill of the Jade Emperor.

　　History of sacrificial kitchen

　　The custom of offering sacrifices to the kitchen has a long history. Kitchen king, in the Xia Dynasty, has become a great God respected by the people. In the Analects of Confucius, which records the words and deeds of Confucius in the spring and Autumn period, there is a saying that "it is better to flatter Yu Ao than to flatter Zao".

　　In the pre Qin period, the sacrificial stove was one of the five sacrificial rites (five sacrificial rites were sacrificial stove, gate, line, household and Zhonglei).

　　Zao Jun himself, early Yan Emperor, Zhu Rong said. After Jin Dynasty, he was listed as the God of supervising the good and evil in the world. After the prosperity of Taoism in China, she became an old woman.

　　Today, the eastern chef named Dingfu kitchen king is a portrait of an old couple sitting side by side, or a man and two women sitting side by side.

　　The custom of sacrificial cooking

　　The statue of Kitchen God is pasted on the wall facing the wind box next to the cooker. Most of the couplets on both sides are "God says good things, and the lower world keeps peace", and the second couplet is also written as "return to the palace and bring good luck".

　　In the middle is the god statue of the kitchen king and his wife. Next to the god statue, two horses are often painted as mounts. When offering sacrifices to the stove, the most prominent offering is the sugar melon. So that it can only say good things.

　　Kitchen delivery is usually held at dusk. When offering sacrifices to the kitchen, besides offering incense and wine, it is especially necessary to spread horse fodder for the kitchen king from the front of the kitchen to the outside of the kitchen door.

　　After these rituals are finished, the statue of Kitchen God will be taken down and burned. Wait until new year's Eve to set up a new statue.

　　Sacrificial cooking

　　On the festival of offering sacrifices to the kitchen, people in Xiaonian pay attention to eating dumplings, which means "seeing off dumplings facing the wind". The mountain area eats the cake and the buckwheat noodles. On the day of sacrificial kitchen, besides eating kitchen sugar, fire is also a special seasonal food.

　　Ballad of sacrificial kitchen

　　There are two folk songs

　　23、 Send the master to heaven; twenty four, sweep the house; twenty five, steam the dough; twenty six, cut off the meat; twenty seven, wipe the tinware; twenty eight, retch the untidy; twenty nine, wash the feet; thirty days, the door god and couplet stick together.

　　23、 After the sacrifice, the child clapped and laughed. In five or six days, the new year will come. Exorcism box, Juglans, two guns. The fire rose higher than the sky.

　|Local customs|

　Sweep away the dust

　　After 23, there are only six or seven days left for the Spring Festival, and the preparations for the new year are even more intense. To thoroughly clean the room, commonly known as sweeping dust, sweeping dust is to get rid of the old and welcome the new, remove ominous.

　　Every household should be carefully and thoroughly cleaned to make the windows bright and clean. Painting walls, scrubbing glass, pasting flower windows, pasting New Year pictures and so on.

　　Cut the window

　　In all the preparatory work, the most popular folk custom activity is to cut and paste window flowers. There are various animal and plant anecdotes, such as magpie climbing plum, swallow wearing peach willow, peacock playing peony, lion rolling embroidered ball, Sanyang (Yang) Kaitai, etc.

　　post new year's scrolls

　　Every family should write Spring Festival couplets. Folk pay attention to God must paste, every door must paste, every thing must paste, so the number of Spring Festival couplets is the largest, the content is the most complete. The couplets in front of the gods are especially particular, and most of them are words of admiration and blessing.

　　The couplets on the gate are the facade of a family. They pay special attention to lyric or scenery. They are rich in content and witty words.

　　Steamed steamed bun

　　After the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, every household will steam huamo. Generally, it can be divided into two types: worshiping gods and visiting relatives. The former is solemn, the latter is flowery. "A family steams steamed buns, and neighbors help.".

　　This is often a good opportunity for folk women to show their dexterity. A steamed bun is a handicraft.

　　Take a bath

　　Adults and children have to take a bath and have a haircut. There is a folk saying that "if you have money, you have to shave your head for the new year". Luliang area pays attention to washing feet on December 27.

　　In the evening, women wash their feet with boiling water. For a girl who is not sensible, adults should also help her clean her feet without leaving any filth.

　marriage

　　After twenty-three, the people believed that the gods went to heaven, and there was no taboo. To marry a daughter-in-law or to employ a daughter-in-law does not need to choose a date, which is called hasty marriage. By the end of the year, many wedding ceremonies were held.

　　There is a folk saying that "Sui Yan is busy getting married in the countryside, and Yichun post amuses the spring.". In front of the lamp, my sister said, "ShouSui is a bridal chamber this year.".